阿布·马ʿ沙尔的大导论

阿布·马ʿ沙尔（Abū Maʿshar al-Balkhī，拉丁世界常称 Albumasar，9世纪）是伊斯兰黄金时代最重要的占星学家之一。《大导论》是他对占星学进行系统化整理与辩护的代表作：它不仅总结了希腊化占星（托勒密等）与晚期古典传统的技术模块，也把占星学放进更“自然哲学化”的解释框架中，讨论天体如何作用于下界、四元素与混合、吉凶与因果、以及占星学作为知识体系的合法性。这本书在中世纪通过拉丁译本广泛进入欧洲学术圈，对拉丁占星学（尤其是占星理论、行星本性、尊贵体系、Lots/阿拉伯点等）影响深远。

该版本为现代学术两卷本，出版于2019年：卷1提供阿拉伯文校勘本与对页英文译文，并在注释中对照12世纪两条重要拉丁译本（John of Seville 与 Hermann of Carinthia）所呈现的差异；卷2收录希腊译本残篇（由学者编校）以及多语种术语表与索引系统。由于同时具备“原文—译文—对照”的结构，这套书特别适合做语句核对，也适合追踪占星概念在阿语世界如何被系统化表达。

关于可读性

英文译文总体清楚，但属于高度技术化文本，术语密度大、定义层层嵌套

目录结构 Volume 1：The Arabic Original and English Translation

• Preface xiii
• Acknowledgements xiv
• Introduction 1
  • The Life and Works of Abū Maʿšar — 1
  • The Great Introduction to Astrology — 6
  • The Manuscripts — 30
  • Editorial Principles — 33
  • Bibliography and Abbreviations — 34

Part I — 42

• Starting-point of the book and the seven headings — 44
• Existence of the science of astrology — 52
• Modality of the action of the stars in this world — 80
• Forms/natures/elements and compounded products — 92
• Arguments confirming astrology; refuting deniers — 106
• Benefit of astrology and foreknowledge — 150

Part II — 176

• Number of stars with rapid/slow movement — 176
• Why 12 constellations are used for indication — 184
• Why signs are 12, no more no less — 190
• Arrangement of the ‘natures’ of the signs — 198
• Why one begins with Aries — 204
• Tropical/fixed/bicorporeal signs — 210
• Quadrants of the sphere — 212
• Masculine/feminine signs — 220
• Diurnal/nocturnal signs — 222

Part III — 224

• Why astrologers use the seven planets for general things — 224
• Definitions of ‘astrology’ and ‘astrologer’ — 232
• Sun’s indication for moderating atmospheric conditions — 244
• Moon’s indication for ebb and flow — 262
• Cause of ebb and flow — 272
• Strength/weakness of the flow — 286
• Moon as the cause of ebb and flow — 314
• Differences between seas — 318
• Moon’s indication for animals/plants/minerals via light increase/decrease — 334

Part IV — 344

• Natures of the seven planets (Ptolemy) — 346
• Natures; benefics/malefics (most astrologers) — 356
• Refutation: natures known only from colours — 368
• Establishing benefic/malefic by philosophers’ method — 372
• Knowing which planet is benefic/malefic — 380
• Variation and change between benefic/malefic conditions — 402
• Planetary natures; changes; inherent strength/weakness — 418
• Masculinity/femininity of planets — 426
• Diurnal/nocturnal planets — 430

Part V — 434

• Shares of the planets in the signs — 438
• Reason for houses (some astrologers) — 442
• Reason for houses (Ptolemy) — 448
• Reason for houses (Hermes from G̣āṯīdīmūn) — 454
• Reason for exaltations (some astrologers) — 466
• Reason for exaltations (Ptolemy) — 474
• Reason for exaltations (Hermes) — 478
• Differences in terms and their conditions — 494
• Terms of the Egyptians — 498
• Terms of Ptolemy — 500
• Terms of the Chaldeans — 502
• Terms of Asṭraṭū — 506
• Terms of the Indians — 508
• Lords of the triplicities — 510
• Decans and their lords (Persia/Babylon/Egypt) — 512
• Decans and their lords (Indians) — 514
• Nawbahr (ninths) — 516
• Dodecatemoria; lords of each degree — 520
• Masculine/feminine degrees — 524
• Bright/dusky/dark/empty degrees — 528
• Wells of the planets in the signs — 532
• Degrees increasing good fortune — 536

Part VI — 540

• Natures/conditions of signs; figures rising in their decans — 544
• Rising times (equator + seven climes; Theon) — 602
• Aspecting of degrees of the sphere — 610
• Signs that love/hate/are hostile; straight/crooked rising; obedient/disobedient — 618
• Signs agreeing in zone/rising times/power/path — 622
• Natural opposition/sextile; and signs not aspecting — 626
• Quartile agreement — 628
• Years/months/days/hours of the signs — 630
• Signs indicating countries/regions — 634
• Motion/rest signs — 642
• Voiced signs (nature/conditions of people) — 644
• Division of body parts among signs — 646
• Signs of beauty/generosity/wealth/etc. — 650
• Lust and diseases — 654
• Chastity/virtue of women — 656
• Many children/twins/few/barren — 658
• Cut members; violence/anger — 660
• Conditions of voices — 662
• Mange/leprosy/spots/itching/etc. — 664
• Faults in the eye — 666
• Culture/cunning/worry/dark signs — 670
• Birds/quadrupeds/fish/reptiles — 672
• Trees and plants — 674
• Waters and fire-produced things — 676
• Directions of the signs — 678
• Cardines/quadrants/twelve places summary + reason — 680
• Quadrants related to corporality/spirituality — 696
• Mixture of ‘natures’ of cardines — 698
• Colours of quadrants and twelve places — 700
• Ascending/descending/long/short quadrants — 702
• Division of four ‘natures’ among things — 704
• Reason for quarters of day/night and 24 hours — 706
• Lords of days and hours — 710

Part VII — 714

• Conditions of planets in themselves — 716
• Conditions of planets vs Sun (in front/behind) — 724
• Planets vs quarters/places; range of bodily power — 738
• Planetary conjunction; mixture of qualities; strongest/weakest — 740
• Aspects; application/separation; related conditions — 762
• Good fortune/strength/weakness/bad fortune; corruption of the Moon — 786
• Casting rays per Ptolemy — 794
• Fardārs years; greatest/great/middle/small years — 800
• Proper indications of the seven planets for existing things — 802

Part VIII — 818

• Reason for extracting lots — 818
• Classification/names of lots — 824
• Lots of the seven planets — 832
• Lots of the twelve places — 848
• Lots not mentioned with planets nor twelve places — 910
• Summary of all lots — 918
• Coincidence of lots in one position — 934
• General indications of lots — 938
• Deriving some indications from others — 944

Volume 2：The Greek Version and Glossaries

• Contents / Introduction — 1
• The Greek Text Contents — 9
• Part I — 12（条目 1–5）
• Part II — 17（条目 6–9）
• Part III — 21（条目 10–13）
• Part IV — 26（条目 14，含 A–C 小分段）
• Part V — 30（D–E；条目 15–18）
• Part VI — 37（条目 19–40；并含关于日时主因由 72）
• Part VII — 73（条目 41–56）
• Part VIII — 94（条目 57–68；含 “buying slaves” 115、“absence” 116）

Appendixes / Glossaries / Indexes（卷2后半工具部分）

• Appendixes
  • Additions in John of Seville’s translation — 119
  • Additions in Hermann of Carinthia’s translation — 120
• Glossaries
  • Arabic–English–Greek–Latin Glossary — 133
  • Greek–Arabic Glossary — 375
  • Latin–Arabic Glossary — 398
• Indexes
  1. Names of Geographical Places and Races — 447
  2. Names of Persons and Authors — 450
  3. Names of Greek Constellations according to Ptolemy — 452
  4. Names of Constellations according to Persia/Babylon/Egypt — 454
  5. Subject Index — 459